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Debunking common autism myths
Families navigating an autism diagnosis often encounter a flood of conflicting information, especially online and in the media. Misinformation and myths can make it harder to understand what autism really is and how best to support autistic children. Below are some of the most common myths addressed using current research and clinical insights, with the goal of helping parents feel more confident and informed.
Myth: Autism is a new condition.
Autism is not new. Variations in human neurology have always existed. The term “autism” and the medical model of diagnosis are relatively recent and continue to evolve. Changes in diagnostic criteria, better screening and increased access to evaluations are the primary drivers for more children being diagnosed now. Many children diagnosed today would have been missed or misidentified in years past.
Diagnosis helps families access individualized supports and services. It’s not about labeling a child but about understanding and meeting their needs.
Myth: Autism is caused by medications or vaccines taken during pregnancy.
Autism is not caused by one single factor. Research shows that many different genetic variations, possibly interacting with environmental factors like extreme prematurity, can increase the likelihood of autism. Vaccines are not among these environmental factors. There is also no strong evidence showing that acetaminophen (brand name: Tylenol) causes autism. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, discuss safe medications with your doctor and always take them as directed.
Research on the complex causes of autism is ongoing. At the same time, we can focus on supporting autistic individuals in ways that honor their needs and strengths.
Myth: All children with autism have intellectual disabilities.
Not all children with autism have intellectual disabilities. While conditions like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), learning disorders or cognitive delays may co-occur, autism itself does not automatically mean a child has impaired intellectual functioning. Children with autism may have uneven skill profiles — for example, strong problem-solving abilities but challenges with using verbal language to communicate.
Cognitive ability is just one piece of the puzzle. Executive functioning, motor planning, language skills and social perception also play a role in how a child learns and interacts with the world.
Myth: Autistic children can’t form close relationships or show empathy.
Autistic children absolutely form close relationships and experience empathy. Many care deeply about their social connections and feel stress when interactions don’t go well. They may express emotions differently or struggle to interpret social cues, but that doesn’t mean they lack empathy.
Social skills programs often help autistic children by making social cues more concrete and teaching strategies like asking for clarification or observing others’ reactions. These tools support their ability to connect meaningfully with others.
Myth: Labels like “high-functioning” or “low-functioning” are helpful.
Terms like “high-functioning” or “low-functioning” oversimplify a complex condition. Autism is better understood as a spectrum — more like a color wheel than a straight line. A child may need significant support in one area, like sensory processing, but little support in another, like academic skills. Support needs can also change over time and from situation to situation.
These labels can also be misleading because they may cause us to overlook the strengths of children labeled “low-functioning” or ignore the support needs of those labeled “high-functioning.” Instead, consider thinking about your child in terms of their unique strengths and challenges. What do others need to know to support them well?
Myth: Autistic individuals all have “superpowers” or savant skills.
Some autistic children have strong skills in specific areas, but not all do. Media portrayals often exaggerate or stereotype these abilities. While representation can help promote acceptance, it’s important to remember every autistic child is unique.
Positive portrayals of autistic characters being themselves can help children develop a strong sense of identity and learn to self-advocate. Look for stories and characters created with input from autistic individuals for the most accurate and respectful representation, like Carl the Collector.
Navigating conflicting information
Parents are often bombarded with emotional and conflicting messages about autism. It’s important to evaluate sources carefully. Trusted organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics offer guidance based on thorough research. Be cautious of claims that promise a “cure” or point to a single cause.
You did not cause your child’s autism. Remember that people with autism and other developmental disabilities can and do lead productive, meaningful lives, especially when they receive the support they need. Talk to professionals who know your child — your pediatrician, psychologist, behavior specialist or speech therapist as you navigate you or a loved one's autism journey. At Children’s Mercy, we offer informational videos, virtual training and a newsletter with expert articles and local resources.
Helpful resources
Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine