Patient < 2 years of age

For patients < 2 years of age, polyethylene glycol and lactulose may be appropriate, but patients < 2 may require nuanced consideration for underlying pathology, outside the scope of this pathway.

1. Tabbers, M. M., et al. "Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: evidence‐based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN." Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 58.2 (2014): 258-274.
2. Mulhem, Elie, Faiza Khondoker, and Sanjiv Kandiah. "Constipation in children and adolescents: evaluation and treatment." American family physician 105.5 (2022): 469-478.